The 4 Main Meditation Types That Exist In The World

Meditation is ever-growing in popularity. Over time, it has developed into a wide array of different meditation styles and different meditation techniques, while most of us are unaware of how many actually exist ‘out there’ these days. We’d like to bring back some of the ancient knowledge around meditation. In this article we lay out the 4 main meditation types, so you can learn more about the origin of some of the most known meditation practices that still exist to date.

Dhammakaya Meditation

Dhammakaya meditation, originating in Thailand, is probably the most original and purest form of meditation surviving in the history of meditation. “Dhamma” means “pure nature”, while “Kaya” refers to the “layers of the body” in the ancient Pali language. Put together, “Dhammakaya” means the “body of enlightenment”. Dhammakaya meditation is also called “The Middle Way Meditation” and you will understand why when you keep on reading.

Dhammakaya meditation focuses on calmness, which is believed to lead to insight as an inherent result. In Dhammakaya meditation various techniques are used with one main focus: ‘dropping into the center’. Meditation techniques are seen as merely tools and are supposed to be let go of once they’re not needed anymore.

The center is seen as the home of mind, the most natural place for the mind to be – where the mind can be fully still. In Dhammakaya it is believed that the center of our body is where the mind comes from when we are born, and goes back to when we die.

The location of the center is 2 fingers’ width above the navel, inside the middle of your body. If you were to split your body in half, horizontally and vertically, the center would be located in the middle of the middle – hence the name “The Middle Way Meditation”.

How to do it?

Sit down comfortably and close your eyes
Observe your breathing
Gently guide your mind to the center of your body by following the air flow past the 7 bases of the mind: the nostrils, the bridge of the nose, middle of the head, roof of the mouth, throat, behind the navel and (back up to) the center located 2 fingers’ width above the navel
If you like, you can recite a mantra at the center of your body, and/or visualize an object at the center of your body to help keep your mind centered
Once the mantra and/or object are fading away, let them go – this means you don’t need the tools anymore to keep your mind centered

Vipassana Meditation

The term Vipassana means “seeing things as they really are” and is therefore also called “Insight Meditation”. Vipassana meditation originated in Myanmar (Birma) and refers to one of the oldest Buddhist meditation practices used for enhancing mindfulness of our state of being.

Though interchangeably used with Mindfulness meditation, Vipassana is more specific. The purpose of Vipassana meditation is to achieve a higher level of awareness of your bodily sensations.

How to do it?

Sit down comfortably and close your eyes
Observe your breathing without changing your breath. Feel the sensation of the breath inside your nose and touching your nostrils
Scan your body from head to feet, and from feet to head. Observe all sensations of your body with equanimity (neutrality)
Accept everything that you observe as it is – thoughts, emotions, and sensations. Do not crave more of the pleasant sensations, and do not create aversion against the unpleasant sensations
Deepen the layers of the bodyscan more and more, until you can feel the sensations of the inside layer of your skin, your organs, and your spine
Ensure to take enough time before you advance with the next step(s) mentioned above

Transcendental Meditation

Transcendental meditation or TM originates from India. TM focuses on ‘relaxed awareness’. Transcendental meditation uses a technique that allows you to settle your mind and helps to avoid distracting thoughts. You require a specific mantra to recite during the meditation practice. You will receive this mantra from your teacher, which will be a “meaningless vibration” word, and which will help you start your journey. Because the mantra needs to be received from your teacher, it is said you cannot start with Transcendental meditation by yourself.

How to do it?

Sit down comfortably and close your eyes
Repeat the mantra given to you by your teacher silently in your head
Do not think about your breathing
Allow your thoughts to float by

Zen Meditation

Zen meditation, also known as Zazen, originates from the area of Japan, Tibet and China. Zen meditation focuses on calmness and being in the here and now, while trying to think of nothing, and without being judgemental when thoughts do arise. This is done by letting every emotion or thought pass by without engaging with them.

In Zen meditation, you meditate to concentrate, introspect or simply sit and let the emotions and thoughts pass by. Some Zen meditation experts meditate with their eyes wide open, though gazing is not allowed. If you’re a beginner, it’s recommended to start with your eyes closed. Observe your breath and notice any of the sensations inside, outside, or on your body.

How to do it?

Sit down comfortably and close your eyes
Breathe through the nose
Follow the breath, one inhalation and one exhalation at a time
Each time a thought arises, don’t follow the thought and return to the breath

So – that was a lot of information, wasn’t it! Let’s sum it all up once more:

Type	Zen meditation	Vipassana meditation	Transcendental meditation	Dhammakaya meditation
Origin	Tibet / China / Japan	Myanmar (Birma)	India	Thailand
Focus	Being calm & in here and now	Awareness / Insight	Relaxed awareness	Calm → insight
Main technique	Breath observation	Bodyscan	Mantra	Centering technique

Wondering where to start?

As you can see, there are many different meditation types and different meditation techniques. And in this article we’ve only talked about the 4 main meditation types!

Remember, none of these meditation techniques are inherently good or bad. Paths are different, but the destination is the same. All meditation techniques help you to expand your consciousness, increase your awareness levels, reduce stress, open your mind to endless possibilities, and much more. However, to unlock these benefits, it is important to use a meditation technique that really works for you.

We don’t believe in a one-size-fits all approach. None of us are the same, so neither should our meditation practice be. Therefore, our trainings teach all the different meditation techniques that exist, to help you create your personalized meditation style so you can develop a practice that really works for you!

Whether you’re a beginner meditator, or have already been meditating for a while – finding that perfect “meditation formula” will help you deepen your practice.

This does not only shorten your journey, but also helps you to reap the benefits of meditation more powerfully.

Join us to develop your own personalized meditation style!